Market profile

United Kingdom

Offshore wind's reference market, whose 2030 target now runs well ahead of what is being delivered.

mature buildout: behind risk: low outlook: stable
15.1
GW operational
12.2
GW in construction
53.1
GW pipeline
96
projects
Operational · 15.1 GW (42)Under Construction · 12.2 GW (9)Advanced Development · 25.3 GW (22)Early Development · 27.7 GW (17)On Hold · 3.5 GW (2)
Progress to target
30%
15.1 GW operational of 50 GW by 2030
Clean Power 2030 Action Plan (current operative)
Next auction round
CfD Allocation Round 8
2026-H2 · CfD · scheduled
full auction outlook ↓

Assessment

as of 2026-06-26
Maturity

The UK is the reference offshore wind market. The first large arrays date to the late 2000s, and the regime is the most unbundled anywhere: The Crown Estate and Crown Estate Scotland auction the seabed, and a separate Contracts for Difference auction sets the offtake. Deep developer, supply chain and grid experience make it the market a mature regime is measured against. Only China's state-directed fleet is larger.

Buildout vs plan

Delivery is behind the headline ambition. The Clean Power 2030 Action Plan implies roughly 43 to 50 GW by 2030, but operating plus under-construction capacity is a fraction of that and the gap is widening. The 2023 CfD Allocation Round 5 cleared no offshore wind at all, because the strike price had been set below what could be built for. Later rounds re-secured volume at higher prices, but the pipeline must roughly triple this decade to hit the target. Building is real and active, and it is trailing the trajectory.

Political & regulatory risk

Low. Offshore wind has durable cross-party backing, the CfD mechanism is well established, and seabed rights are administered by a stable, independent Crown Estate. The live risks are economic rather than political: supply chain inflation, grid connection queues, and strike prices that have to stay buildable.

Outlook

Stable to positive. The market will keep clearing large volumes and remains the anchor of the European pipeline, but hitting 2030 depends on sustained high-priced CfD rounds, grid reform and supply chain capacity. Expect steady delivery that lands well short of the Clean Power 2030 figure (a policy plan, not a statute) while the UK stays the deepest market globally.

Risk, in one line

Stable cross-party support and an intact CfD framework; risk is delivery and supply-chain economics, not policy reversal.

Sources
  • DESNZ · 2024-12 · verified
  • DESNZ · 2023-09 · verified

State of the market

as of 2026-11-03
89%
of GW sited through contested rounds
9 yr
median award → power
delivered (metered), 2026 to 3 Nov 2026Expected Buildout (confidence-weighted), 2026 the remainder of the yearfleet expected by year end
Annual additions · delivered to 3 Nov 2026, expected afterGW per year
0246GW/yr202021222324252627282930313233343536373839400.70.13.11.10.54.22.34.51.82.24.65.13.22.23.03.83.01.91.00.5
Cumulative fleet · year endsGW operating
0204060GW2020212223242526272829303132333435363738394019 by year end1015 on 3 Nov 2026304859

Delivered to 3 Nov 2026; expected from then. The 2026 column is 4.2 GW still expected this year, with nothing delivered so far: 3 farms with a stated completion of 2026 or earlier, 3.7 GW nominal, weighted and spread by their completion-date distributions. 69 GW of live pipeline weights to 44 GW expected to complete; 0.5 GW of that sits beyond 2040 and is not drawn. Projects on hold, and projects with no dated milestone, are modelled and sit in the expected line.

Source: Hafrok · hafrok.com/markets/united-kingdom · data as of 3 Nov 2026

How this line is made

The Expected Buildout line answers one question: of the pipeline announced today, how much actually gets built, and when? It is not a scenario and not a target tracker; it is the database's live pipeline, passed through two filters measured from the industry's own delivery record.

Whether a project completes. Every project in development carries a completion weight, banded Delivering / Expected / Prospective / Fragile. A proposal (a site where no authority has yet granted rights) carries none and sits outside this line entirely; it is listed, not counted. The starting point is the historical completion rate of its lifecycle stage: of projects that reached construction, 97% delivered; financed but not yet building, 92%; consented or contracted but not yet financed, 75%; early development, 61%; on hold, 15%. That base rate is then adjusted by what the project has actually secured (offtake, grid, consents, investment decision) and decays if a project sits quiet past its stage's normal dwell time.

When it delivers. Each project also carries a completion-date distribution: a shape, not a single year, right-skewed because offshore wind slips late far more often than it runs early. The peak sits on a rule-based expected date chained from the project's latest achieved milestone; the width of the late tail is fitted to how far past their announced dates real projects actually landed: builders slip tight (60% on time, n=144), financed projects tighter still (76%, n=95), consented-only projects carry the fat tail, with 21% landing three or more years late (n=126). A stated date faster than any comparable project has ever achieved is floored to the achievable window and flagged, never taken at face value.

The line is the sum, across every live project, of capacity × completion weight × the probability it delivers in each year. For projects already under construction, a share of expected capacity is counted at first power, because turbines start generating before a wind farm is fully commissioned, so a market's chart can show capacity arriving a year before a project's stated completion date. Delivered history is metered fact; the line inherits every assumption above and nothing else.

Honest limits. The weights are calibrated on a fleet whose failures have so far been overwhelmingly pre-financing, so completion rates after FID rest on a record with few failures and are ceilings, not guarantees. The slip fitted on consented projects is the loosest (the "three or more years late" bucket spans many years). Policy shocks arrive faster than base rates move; the weights see a stop-work order only as its lifecycle consequences accrue. And the line redistributes as the database learns: it is re-derived on every data refresh, not frozen.

Full per-project workings (each project's weight, band, expected date and distribution) are on its project page. Calibration v2.0-phase0 · generated 2026-11-03; every figure above is read from the generated calibration file, never typed.

Auction outlook

forecast · 5 rounds tracked
Seabed leaseOfftake awardIntegrated tenderscheduled: bar spans the expected windowplanned (indicative)postponed / suspendedno date yet (off-axis)
202720282029todaySCHEDULED — DATE CONFIRMEDCfD Allocation Round 8 · 2026-H2 · scheduledCfD Allocation Round 8The Crown Estate Morgan offshore wind site tender · 2026-H2 · scheduled · 1.5 GW offeredThe Crown Estate Morgan offshore wind site … · 1.5 GWPLANNED · INDICATIVECfD Allocation Round 9 · 2027 · plannedCfD Allocation Round 9Crown Estate Offshore Wind Leasing Round 6 · 2027-H1 · planned · 6 GW offeredCrown Estate Offshore Wind Leasing Round 6 · 6 GW
NO DATE YETCrown Estate Scotland next leasing round ("ScotWind… · planned
Offtake award CfD Allocation Round 8 scheduled
What the date rests on — AR8 confirmed (gov update, Mar 2026) to OPEN July 2026 — brought forward from the earlier mid/late-2026 expectation

AR8 opens July 2026 — confirmed by the government in March 2026 and brought forward from the earlier mid/late-2026 expectation — with a new "Other Deepwater Offshore Wind" category for hybrid/deepwater fixed solutions distinct from fixed-bottom and floating. Framework and budget documents are on gov.uk; part of the stated pathway of at least 12 GW across rounds AR7-AR9. No pre-assigned projects (open competitive round). […]

Seabed lease The Crown Estate Morgan offshore wind site tender scheduled
What the date rests on — announced

A single-site re-tender, separate from Leasing Round 6. The Morgan site (up to 1.5 GW, Irish Sea, Round 4 award 2021) was handed back to The Crown Estate when the JERA Nex bp / EnBW JV discontinued development in January 2026 after failing to win a CfD in AR7. The Crown Estate announced its intention to re-tender on 8 June 2026 and LAUNCHED the process on 24 July 2026: a "streamlined and proportionate" competitive tender run as a transparent rising-clock auction, with bids forming a Site Exclusivity Fee that only becomes payable when the project enters lease (bid as a lump sum, paid phased ove […]

Offtake award CfD Allocation Round 9 planned
What the date rests on — indicative

Third round in the AR7-AR9 pathway; no firm timetable or budget. Government states AR9 runs "depending on the speed at which projects deploy" — contingent. A codified ANNUAL CfD cadence is NOT confirmed in an official source (intent only).

Seabed lease Crown Estate Offshore Wind Leasing Round 6 planned
What the date rests on — indicative

Announced intent with an indicative launch window; not yet launched (market + NESO engagement through 2026). ~6 GW indicative, predominantly fixed-bottom, focused off NE England; capacity/boundaries to be refined in 2026.

Seabed lease Crown Estate Scotland next leasing round ("ScotWind 2") planned
What the date rests on — indicative

LOWEST firmness in the UK set: a public statement of intent only ("certainly on the horizon"), no leasing process, timetable, volume or date. Projects characterised as likely to deliver beyond 2030. No primary CES publication yet (trade-press statement) — that absence itself confirms the aspirational status.

Source: Hafrok · hafrok.com/markets/united-kingdom · data as of 3 Nov 2026

Origination ladder

settled rounds → projects
Seabed leaseOfftake awardIntegrated tenderbirth award (colour = round type)no auction award on record (the chapter names how the site originated)offtake / tender winterminated award / cancelledFIDCOD achievedCOD expected (dashed = still to run)on hold
2000200020052005201020102015201520202020202520252030203020352035DEMONSTRATIONS & PILOTSGunfleet Sands 3 · 12 MW · Operational · COD 2013 · No auction award on record · demonstrationGunfleet Sands 3201312 MWLevenmouth Demonstration Turbine · 7 MW · Operational · COD 2016 · No auction award on record · demonstrationLevenmouth Demonstration Tur…20167 MWBlyth Offshore · 42 MW · Operational · COD 2017 · No auction award on record · demonstrationBlyth Offshore201742 MWHywind Scotland · 30 MW · Operational · COD 2017 · No auction award on record · demonstrationHywind Scotland201730 MWAberdeen EOWDC · 93 MW · Operational · COD 2018 · No auction award on record · demonstrationAberdeen EOWDC201893 MWKincardine · 50 MW · Operational · COD 2021 · No auction award on record · demonstrationKincardine202150 MWDIRECT AWARDS — SITE GRANTED WITHOUT COMPETITIONDogger Bank D · 1.5 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · No auction award on record · direct awardDogger Bank D—1.5 GWDELIVERED WITHOUT AN OFFTAKE ROUNDNorth Hoyle · 60 MW · Operational · COD 2004 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1North Hoyle200460 MWScroby Sands · 58 MW · Operational · COD 2004 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Scroby Sands200458 MWKentish Flats · 90 MW · Operational · COD 2005 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Kentish Flats200590 MWBarrow · 90 MW · Operational · COD 2006 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Barrow200690 MWBurbo Bank · 90 MW · Operational · COD 2007 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Burbo Bank200790 MWLynn and Inner Dowsing · 194 MW · Operational · COD 2009 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Lynn and Inner Dowsing2009194 MWRhyl Flats · 90 MW · Operational · COD 2009 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Rhyl Flats200990 MWGunfleet Sands · 173 MW · Operational · COD 2010 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Gunfleet Sands2010173 MWRobin Rigg · 174 MW · Operational · COD 2010 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Robin Rigg2010174 MWThanet · 300 MW · Operational · COD 2010 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Thanet2010300 MWOrmonde · 150 MW · Operational · COD 2012 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Ormonde2012150 MWGreater Gabbard · 504 MW · Operational · COD 2012 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Greater Gabbard2012504 MWSheringham Shoal · 317 MW · Operational · COD 2012 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Sheringham Shoal2012317 MWWalney 1 & 2 · 367 MW · Operational · COD 2012 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Walney 1 & 22012367 MWTeesside · 62 MW · Operational · COD 2013 · Rounds: uk-tce-round1Teesside201362 MWLincs · 270 MW · Operational · COD 2013 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Lincs2013270 MWLondon Array · 630 MW · Operational · COD 2013 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2London Array2013630 MWWest of Duddon Sands · 389 MW · Operational · COD 2014 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2West of Duddon Sands2014389 MWGwynt y Mor · 576 MW · Operational · COD 2015 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Gwynt y Mor2015576 MWHumber Gateway · 219 MW · Operational · COD 2015 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Humber Gateway2015219 MWWestermost Rough · 210 MW · Operational · COD 2015 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Westermost Rough2015210 MWKentish Flats Extension · 50 MW · Operational · COD 2015 · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2010Kentish Flats Extension201550 MWRace Bank · 573 MW · Operational · COD 2018 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2Race Bank2018573 MWGalloper · 353 MW · Operational · COD 2018 · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2010Galloper2018353 MWRampion · 400 MW · Operational · COD 2018 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3Rampion2018400 MWFID ENABLING FOR RENEWABLES (FIDER) INVESTMENT CONT… · 2014Dudgeon · 402 MW · Operational · COD 2017 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2, uk-fider-2014Dudgeon2017402 MWBurbo Bank Extension · 258 MW · Operational · COD 2017 · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2010, uk-fider-2014Burbo Bank Extension2017258 MWWalney Extension · 659 MW · Operational · COD 2018 · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2010, uk-fider-2014Walney Extension2018659 MWHornsea One · 1.22 GW · Operational · COD 2019 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-fider-2014Hornsea One20191.22 GWBeatrice · 588 MW · Operational · COD 2019 · Rounds: uk-fider-2014Beatrice2019588 MWCFD ALLOCATION ROUND 1 · 2015East Anglia ONE · 714 MW · Operational · COD 2020 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar1East Anglia ONE2020714 MWNeart na Gaoithe · 450 MW · Operational · COD 2025 · Rounds: uk-cfd-ar1Neart na Gaoithe2025450 MWCFD ALLOCATION ROUND 2 · 2017Triton Knoll · 857 MW · Operational · COD 2022 · Rounds: uk-tce-round2, uk-cfd-ar2Triton Knoll2022857 MWHornsea Two · 1.32 GW · Operational · COD 2022 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar2Hornsea Two20221.32 GWMoray East · 950 MW · Operational · COD 2022 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar2Moray East2022950 MWCFD ALLOCATION ROUND 3 · 2019Seagreen · 1.07 GW · Operational · COD 2023 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar3Seagreen20231.07 GWSofia Offshore Wind Farm · 1.4 GW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2026 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar3Sofia Offshore Wind Farm2026e1.4 GWDogger Bank A · 1.2 GW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2027 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar3Dogger Bank A2027e1.2 GWDogger Bank B · 1.2 GW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2027 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar3Dogger Bank B2027e1.2 GWDogger Bank C · 1.2 GW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2028 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar3Dogger Bank C2028e1.2 GWCFD ALLOCATION ROUND 4 · 2022Norfolk Boreas · 1.38 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar4 (terminated)Norfolk Boreas—1.38 GWCFD ALLOCATION ROUND 6 · 2024East Anglia THREE · 1.4 GW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2026 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar4, uk-cfd-ar6East Anglia THREE2026e1.4 GWMoray West · 882 MW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2026 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar4, uk-cfd-ar6Moray West2026e882 MWInch Cape · 1.08 GW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2027 · Rounds: uk-cfd-ar4, uk-cfd-ar6Inch Cape2027e1.08 GWEast Anglia TWO · 960 MW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2028 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar6East Anglia TWO2028e960 MWHornsea 3 · 2.85 GW · Under Construction · outlook: Delivering · COD expected 2028 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar4, uk-cfd-ar6Hornsea 32028e2.85 GWHornsea 4 · 2.4 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar6 (terminated)Hornsea 4—2.4 GWGreen Volt · 560 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-ces-intog, uk-cfd-ar6Green Volt—560 MWCFD ALLOCATION ROUND 7 · 2026Norfolk Vanguard West · 1.38 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2029 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar7Norfolk Vanguard West2029e1.38 GWNorfolk Vanguard East · 1.38 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2030 · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar7Norfolk Vanguard East2030e1.38 GWPentland · 93 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2030 · Rounds: uk-cfd-ar7Pentland2030e93 MWAwel y Môr · 775 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2031 · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2017, uk-cfd-ar7Awel y Môr2031e775 MWDogger Bank South West · 1.5 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2031 · Rounds: uk-tce-round4, uk-cfd-ar7Dogger Bank South West2031e1.5 GWDogger Bank South East · 1.5 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2032 · Rounds: uk-tce-round4, uk-cfd-ar7Dogger Bank South East2032e1.5 GWBerwick Bank Phase B · 1.38 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-round3, uk-cfd-ar7Berwick Bank Phase B—1.38 GWErebus · 100 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-cfd-ar7Erebus—100 MWNO OFFTAKE AWARD YET — DEVELOPMENT OR SHELVEDNorth Falls · 1 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2030 · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2017North Falls2030e1 GWRampion 2 · 1.2 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2030 · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2017Rampion 22030e1.2 GWMorecambe · 480 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2030 · Rounds: uk-tce-round4Morecambe2030e480 MWMorgan · 1.5 GW · On Hold · outlook: Fragile · COD expected 2031 · Rounds: uk-tce-round4Morgan—1.5 GWCaledonia · 2 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · COD expected 2031 · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindCaledonia2031e2 GWTalisk (Magnora) · 495 MW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · COD expected 2032 · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindTalisk (Magnora)2032e495 MWAyre · 1.01 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · COD expected 2033 · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindAyre2033e1.01 GWMuir Mhor · 1 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · COD expected 2033 · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindMuir Mhor2033e1 GWBuchan · 960 MW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · COD expected 2035 · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindBuchan2035e960 MWBellrock · 1.8 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · COD expected 2037 · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindBellrock2037e1.8 GWGwynt Glas · 1.5 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · COD expected 2037 · Rounds: uk-tce-round5-celtic-seaGwynt Glas2037e1.5 GWDocking Shoal · 540 MW · Cancelled · Rounds: uk-tce-round2 (abandoned)Docking Shoal—540 MWAtlantic Array · 1.2 GW · Cancelled · Rounds: uk-tce-round3 (terminated)Atlantic Array—1.2 GWBerwick Bank (Remaining Phases) · 2.72 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-round3Berwick Bank (Remaining Phas…—2.72 GWEast Anglia ONE North · 800 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-round3East Anglia ONE North—800 MWNavitus Bay Wind Park · 970 MW · Cancelled · Rounds: uk-tce-round3Navitus Bay Wind Park—970 MWSeagreen 1A · 500 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-round3Seagreen 1A—500 MWFive Estuaries · 1.08 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-extensions-2017Five Estuaries—1.08 GWMona · 1.5 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-round4Mona—1.5 GWOuter Dowsing · 1.5 GW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-tce-round4Outer Dowsing—1.5 GWBowdun · 1.01 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindBowdun—1.01 GWBroadshore Hub · 1.1 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwind, uk-ces-intogBroadshore Hub—1.1 GWCampionWind · 2 GW · Cancelled · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwind (withdrawn)CampionWind—2 GWMachairWind · 2 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindMachairWind—2 GWMarramWind · 3 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindMarramWind—3 GWMorven (North & South) · 2.9 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindMorven (North & South)—2.9 GWOssian · 3.6 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindOssian—3.6 GWStromar · 1.5 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindStromar—1.5 GWWest of Orkney · 2 GW · On Hold · outlook: Fragile · Rounds: uk-ces-scotwindWest of Orkney—2 GWCenos · 1.35 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-ces-intogCenos—1.35 GWSalamander · 100 MW · Advanced Development · outlook: Expected · Rounds: uk-ces-intogSalamander—100 MWCeltic Sea - Equinor Project · 1.5 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-tce-round5-celtic-seaCeltic Sea - Equinor Project—1.5 GWCeltic Sea - Ocean Winds Project · 1.5 GW · Early Development · outlook: Prospective · Rounds: uk-tce-round5-celtic-seaCeltic Sea - Ocean Winds Pro…—1.5 GW

Source: Hafrok · hafrok.com/markets/united-kingdom · data as of 3 Nov 2026

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