London Array
Located in Outer Thames Estuary. Phase 2 cancelled due to bird migration concerns. Round 2 development.
Status
Operationallifecycle stage
Ownership
Location
United KingdomNorth Sea
Technology
Capacity
630 MW ◆
Turbines
175 × 3.6 MW ◆
Model
Siemens Swt 3-6-120 ◆
Foundation
Monopile ◆
Site & conditions
Site rights
Seabed rights held ∴
Origination
Crown Estate Round 2 · 2003 ·
Water depth
0–25 m ◆
Distance from shore
22 km ◆
Wind speed
9.2 m/s @ 100 m ≈
Revenue & grid
Offtake
Other ∅
Grid
Secured · 2013 ◆
Connection
Onshore substation at Cleve Hill, near Graveney, north Kent; … ◆
Schedule
FID
May 2009 ◆
COD
Apr 2013 ◆
Project timeline & ownership verified milestones on the spine · ownership from Hafrok’s transactions record
Origination · 2003-12
Crown Estate Round 2
- Awarded to
- (London Array Ltd — E.ON / RWE / Masdar / La Caisse)
- Basis
- seabed award
From the auction results — the round that created the project.
Farmdown · 2014-01
Ørsted → CDPQ 25%
- Stake
- 25%
- Consideration
- €799m
- Implied 100% value
- €3,194m
- Implied
- €5.07m / MW
- Announced
- 2014-01
- Closed
- 2014-06
- Project stage
- operational
Ørsted (then DONG Energy) sold half its 50% holding to CDPQ for GBP 644m (~DKK 5,800m). London Array entered commercial operation in 2013, then world's largest OWF. Part of DONG's financial action plan. High implied EUR/MW reflects ROC subsidy regime (2 ROCs/MWh). Originally reported GBP 644m, converted at GBP/EUR ~1.24 (2014). Ownership after: E.ON 30%, Ørsted 25%, CDPQ 25%, Masdar 20%.
Evidence
From Hafrok’s transactions record
Divestment · 2023-07
Ørsted → Schroders Greencoat 25%
- Stake
- 25%
- Consideration
- €829m
- Implied 100% value
- €3,316m
- Implied
- €5.26m / MW
- Announced
- 2023-07
- Closed
- 2023-08
- Project stage
- operational
Ørsted's complete exit from London Array — sold remaining 25% to funds managed by Schroders Greencoat for GBP 717m (DKK 6.17bn, EUR 829m). Ørsted did not have O&M responsibility and considered asset non-strategic. High implied EUR/MW reflects ROC subsidy regime. Originally reported EUR 829m directly by Ørsted. Ownership after: RWE 30%, CDPQ 25%, Schroders Greencoat 25%, Masdar 20%.
Evidence
- offshoreWIND.biz — Ørsted Divests Remaining Stake in London Array for EUR 829 Million ↗ 2023-07 ◆ held
From Hafrok’s transactions record
Dashed tick marks today (9 Sep 2026). The teal diamond on the spine is origination — the seabed award or round that created the project. Every other ownership event lives in the band below: one station per recorded deal, dated at its label, in deal order rather than to calendar scale. Secondary trades appear only at the interchanges; grey lines are parties whose entry or exit Hafrok’s record does not hold.
Announced-COD history: 2013-Q2→2013-04 · 2 recorded revisions · held (announced 2013-Q2, unchanged)
Revenue & offtake the regime the project was built under
Offtake regime on record
RegimeRenewables Obligation: 2 ROCs/MWh reported (offshore wind banding under Renewables Obligation Order 2009, accredited 2013). Rate not yet verified against the Ofgem RO accreditation register — unsourced pending vault of that record.
A built project sells its power under the contract or support regime it was financed with; it is not expected to bid into new government offtake rounds. Where the record does not yet name that regime, the row says so rather than guessing.
Installation how the build is going · from satellite counts and Hafrok’s registers
Satellite survey
the farm as it stands, counted from satellite radar images · built before the count began, so there is no build to chart
Satellite survey
Structures standing177≈175 turbines + 1 platform expected · 1 more than expected — a met mast, a platform not on the register, or a position the survey missed
Surveyed2026-09-01≈from 117 satellite passes
Built2011-03 → 2013-04offshore construction to start of operation, from the record
Hafrok counts the structures standing in the sea from satellite radar images (≈) and reads the count against the turbines and platforms on record. The farm was built before this count began, so the images show it complete; they cannot date its construction. Rows marked with a dot (·) come from Hafrok’s own registers.
Satellite image
Image taken2026-09-07≈Copernicus Sentinel-1 radar satellite, northbound pass
Farm covered100%≈the whole farm lies inside the image
Structures ringed177 confirmed · 0 not yet confirmed≈as counted on 2026-09-01 · the image is newer than the count, so a bright spot without a ring may be a structure not yet counted
Construction ports
PortPort of Ramsgate ◆operations base
Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026, processed by ESA and by Microsoft Planetary Computer.
Latest satellite radar image · 2026-09-07
a radar picture, not a photograph: the sea is dark, steel is bright · black is beyond the edge of the image
confirmed structure (177)seen recently, not yet confirmed (0)probably a substation platform (a larger structure than a turbine; the register above has the facts)farm boundary
Grid connection
from Hafrok’s substation, converter and cable registers
Offshore platforms · 1
Offshore substationLondon Array offshore substations (2, described collectively)·33/150 kV · owner Blue Transmission London Array Limited (OFTO)
Sources & verification
16/18 fields verified · rests on 12 sources (10 primary) · ◆ 10 documents held
◆Verified≈Modelled◇Sourced∴Inferred⌁Convention○Unverified∅No source·Derived
Numbers are stable citation ids — grouped by source class, so they are not consecutive.
Regulator1
[12]
Department for Energy Security and Net Zero2026-05-06◆ Renewable Energy Planning Database (REPD…
“REPD Q1 2026 quarterly extract — Ref ID 2511: Site Name "London Array Phase 1", Development Status "Operational", Installed Capacity 630 MWelec, Operator "Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy"”
supportsRegister entry
Operator7
[1]
London Array Limited2025◆ Key Facts – London Array
"Offshore consent granted...in December 2006. Onshore planning permission...August 2007. Phase One formal approval...May 2009. Shareholder investment announced: €2.2 billion. Onshore substation ground…
supportsConsentFinal investment decisionOnshore constructionOffshore constructionCommercial operation+10 more
[2]
[3]
RWE AG2022-02-21◆ RWE to take on operations, service & mai…
“Following a competitive tender process RWE has been successful in winning the operations, service & maintenance contract at the 175 turbine, 630MW London Array Offshore Wind Farm. This has been conduc…”
supportsTurbinesTotal capacityDistance from shoreoperations base
[5]
[7]
London Array Limited2012-10-29◆ World’s largest offshore wind farm gener…
"29/10/12. 630MW scheme. 175 turbines. under construction since March 2011." ... DONG Energy, E.ON and Masdar today (29/10/12) announced that the first power had been produced at the London Array Offs…
supportsFirst power
[9]
RWE AG2023-11-21◆ London Array offshore wind farm 10 years…
“Located 20km off the north Kent coast in the Outer Thames Estuary, RWE-operated London Array has a 630MW capacity. London Array was the world's largest offshore wind farm when commissioned in 2013. Ap…”
supportsTotal capacity
[13]
National Energy System Operator (NESO)2026-07-21◆ NESO Transmission Entry Capacity (TEC) R…
“NESO TEC Register, edition 21 July 2026 - PRO-000201: "London Array Offshore Wind Farm", Status "Built", MW Connected 630, Effective From n/a, Customer "LONDON ARRAY LIMITED"”
supportsRegister entry
Financier1
[6]
Mubadala Investment Company2013-07-04◆ Prime Minister David Cameron inaugurates…
“DONG Energy, E.ON and Masdar today, (4 July 2013) officially opened the world's largest offshore wind farm, London Array, at a ceremony attended by Prime Minster David Cameron, alongside other dignita…”
supportsOnshore constructionOffshore constructionTurbinesUnit capacityTotal capacity
Trade press3
[8]
NS Energy Business2024
Press report — cited, not quoted; read it at the source link.
supportsModelUnit capacityFoundation
[10]
[11]