Data sources & licences

Every fact on Hafrok traces to a source — the per-record citations live on each project dossier. This page credits the external datasets the platform is built on, with their licences.

Basemap & imagery

• OpenStreetMap — map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, licensed under the Open Database License (ODbL), served as vector tiles by OpenFreeMap using the OpenMapTiles schema. Attribution: OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles Data from OpenStreetMap.
• Esri World Imagery — the satellite basemap option. Imagery © Esri; attribution displayed on the map as required by Esri's terms of use.
• Marine Regions (Flanders Marine Institute / VLIZ) — maritime boundaries (EEZ / median lines), licensed CC BY since Maritime Boundaries version 11 (2019). Citation: Flanders Marine Institute, MarineRegions.org.
• EMODnet Human Activities — subsea power cables — the as-built cable routes shown by the map's Grid toggle, licensed CC BY 4.0. Aggregated by EMODnet from national primary sources: BSH CONTIS (Germany), Rijkswaterstaat (Netherlands), SHOM (France), NVE (Norway). Context only — Hafrok's own cable order-book records are researched and sourced separately.
• Offshore platform positions — derived from cable termini — no operator publishes coordinates for its offshore substations, so most of the platforms on the map are derived, not surveyed, and render faded to say so. The seaward end of a farm's export cable physically is the platform it leaves from, and those routes are published: the positions are the convergence points of the export routes in BSH CONTIS (Germany) and Rijkswaterstaat (Netherlands), served openly by EMODnet Human Activities under CC BY 4.0. Each is corroborated twice: a farm's two independently digitised export cables agree on the point (typically to within 10 m), and the point falls inside that farm's own lease. The method is reproducible — _scripts/derive_platform_positions.py — and the cable termini it rests on are archived. Precision is the route survey's, not a structure survey's.
• Offshore platform positions — published coordinates — where an authority does publish a platform's position, that is used instead of any derivation, and the marker renders solid. Three source classes carry them: national Lists of Lights, which tabulate every lit offshore structure by name (Denmark's Dansk Fyrliste, Søfartsstyrelsen; Belgium's Lichtenlijst, MDK – afdeling Kust – Vlaamse Hydrografie, reuse permitted with attribution); French préfecture maritime arrêtés, which schedule the sous-station électrique for each farm in its operating phase; and Notices to Mariners issued for the actual installation of a structure. Positions that are only consented — a layout plan carrying a micro-siting tolerance, or a permit-stage point predating a design change — render faded, because a permitted position is not a survey of where the structure stands.
• Grid positions we do not have — an offshore platform with no sourced position is simply absent from the map rather than placed at its wind farm's centre; a plausible wrong marker is worse than no marker. Onshore substation positions are recorded to roughly a kilometre. Converter platforms for systems that are not yet built carry approximate placeholder positions, flagged and faded, pending a published position.

Modelled values

Figures marked ≈ modelled on a dossier are computed by Hafrok from these public datasets, sampled across the project site — reproducible, but not a project document.

• GEBCO 2020 Grid — water depths. The GEBCO Grid is public domain; source acknowledgement required. Attribution: GEBCO Compilation Group (2020), GEBCO 2020 Grid.
• Global Wind Atlas — mean wind speeds. Developed by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in partnership with the World Bank Group; data licensed CC BY 4.0.

Confidence & Hafrok COD

Two columns on Projects are Hafrok's own view rather than a reported fact, and they answer different questions. Confidence asks whether a project ever reaches operation; Hafrok COD asks when. They are kept apart deliberately — an earlier single score blended the two and could answer neither in a form that could be checked against outcomes.

• Confidence — a named band with a 0–100 weight beside it. The band is the headline because it is what the calibration supports: each is tied to a completion frequency measured across our own database, and a few points between two scores is not a real distinction. The weight is a stage base rate moved by four inputs — jurisdiction, scale, physical complexity and offtake durability — chosen because a back-test found them forward-looking rather than restatements of the stage. Hover a cell for that project's own breakdown. Delivered and Cancelled are facts, not bands: neither is forecast.
• Hafrok COD — a modelled commercial-operation year, shown beside the developer's own Announced date rather than instead of it. Where the two disagree the record keeps both. The year is chained forward from the project's latest dated milestone using completion durations measured from comparable projects. A year marked “≥” is a stage default, not a forecast — it means "no earlier than", and applies where a project has no dated milestone to chain from. That is currently two-thirds of the pipeline, and the marker is there so the difference is never invisible.
• The sparkline — the probability of operation by year, drawn on a fixed 2026–2040 axis shared by every row so the column can be read straight down. It is right-skewed because projects slip late far more often than they finish early. Its width reflects the project's cohort rather than a per-project uncertainty: the spread is calibrated per cohort, so only the position of the distribution is specific to the project.

Operational and cancelled records carry no forecast. The model is refit from the database on a quarterly cadence, and both columns move when the underlying records do.

Project research

• Global Energy Monitor — the Global Wind Power Tracker is one reference among the primary sources our research agents cite; GEM data is licensed CC BY 4.0. Where a fact rests on GEM, the dossier citation says so explicitly.

Lease & zone boundaries

Project polygons are harvested from the responsible authorities' own open-data services and used as published. The exact layer behind each polygon is recorded on the geometry itself; licence terms vary by authority and are not restated here.

• The Crown Estate (England, Wales & NI) · Crown Estate Scotland
• BSH (Germany) · Rijkswaterstaat (Netherlands) · Energistyrelsen (Denmark) · NVE (Norway) · SIPAM (Poland)
• BOEM (United States) · IBAMA (Brazil) · DCCEEW (Australia)
• Japan Coast Guard MSIL · MOEA Energy Administration (Taiwan) · offshoremap.kr (South Korea)
• EMODnet Human Activities (Europe) · OpenStreetMap (individual turbine positions)
• Where no authoritative boundary exists yet, the map shows an estimated area (dashed outline) instead.